Production of the alkaloids emetine and cephaeline in callus cultures of cephaelis ipecacuanha. It is native to central america and northern south america from nicaragua to brazil. Rubiaceae, psychotrieae was separated from psychotria based on molecular analyses to include c. The encoded protein ciomt1 showed 98% sequence identity to ipeomt2, which catalyzes the 7. Carapichea ipecacuanha, callicocca ipecacuanha, cephaelis ipecacuanha, evea ipecacuanha, uragoga ipecacuanha. Psychotria ipecacuanha is a perennial, medicinal herb that grows in clusters in the understory of humid, shady areas of the atlantic rain forest of southeastern brazil. Historical notes, the beginning of the history of ipecacuanha root and the first study of its virtues is clouded in mystery and fable. The ipecacuanha from that country is called annulated, to distinguish it from the striated kind from peru. A native speaker of russian can also provide you with valuable information about. In this study, we isolated an o methyltransferase cdna from this medicinal plant. Dynamics of endogenous indole3acetic acid and cytokinins. Psychotria ipecacuanha, cephaelis ipecacuanha, ipecacuanha. Similarity among the fungal assemblages present in leaf, steam, and root tissues of carapichea ipecacuanha using the venn diagram.
One species, carapichea ipecacuanha, is used medicinally as the source of ipecac, a powerful emetic. Find ipecacuanha psychotria ipecacuanha callicocca ipecacuanha carapichea stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Carapichea ipecacuanha produces various emetinetype alkaloids, known as ipecac alkaloids, which have long been used as expectorants, emetics, and amebicides. Andersson costa rica, bolivia, colombia, ecuador, peru, brazil.
Andersson is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus carapichea family rubiaceae. The numbers refer to the approximate locations of the study populations within a given range. Carapichea ipecacuanha in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Auxin produced in the dominant shoot is transported to the internodal segment and suppresses growth of other shoots. Pdf clonal diversity and conservation genetics of the. Mar 21, 2017 for most plant species, auxins and cytokinins are added to the culture medium to induce adventitious shoot formation. Endogenous auxin determines the pattern of adventitious. Root extracts are used as an expectorant, an emetic, and an amoebicide 5. One hundred and seventysix fungal isolates were recovered from leaf, stem, and root tissues of c.
For most plant species, auxins and cytokinins are added to the culture medium to induce adventitious shoot formation. Euphorbia ipecacuanha the root of 1 cephaelis ipecacuanha brotero, a. Wherever ailments are associated with the presence of constant nausea ipec. Ipecacuanha was a plant discovered years back but quickly became known as the plant that made people sick. Clonal diversity and conservation genetics of the medicinal. Carapichea in the germplasm resources information network grin, u.
View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. This likewise was for long believed to be the plant which produces the genuine drug. Pharmaceutical form mixture 4 clinical particulars 4. Also known as psychotria ipecacuanha, ipecac is a small, perennial tropical plant that is native to the humid forests of bolivia and brazil where large plantations have been established to commercialize the collection of ipecac root. Quantification of endogenous auxin and cytokinin during. It is known also as black ipecacuanha, striated brittle ipecacuanha, black striated ipecacuanha, etc. In this study, we isolated an omethyltransferase cdna from this medicinal plant. A lowgrowing tropical american shrub having roots and rhizomes that yield emetine. Carapichea ipecacuanha is a species of flowering plant in the rubiaceae family. The roots of the understorey shrub carapichea ipecacuanha ipecac have medicinal properties, and the uprooting of wild plants has supplied most of the world demand for this species. Ipecacuanha definition, the dried root of a shrubby south american plant, cephaelis ipecacuanha, of the madder family. Carapichea ipecacuanha is an evergreen shrub growing to 0. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 216417 with original publication details. Molecular phylogeography of carapichea ipecacuanha, an.
Ipecacuanha is greyishwhite, or yellowish in colour and is also free from starch. Ipecacuanha definition of ipecacuanha by the free dictionary. Shaded regions indicate the current ranges of the species in brazil. Andersson ipecac is a medicinal plant that contains alkaloids such as emetine and cephaeline, mainly in the roots 4.
Molecular phylogeography of carapichea ipecacuanha. Vernacular names edit wikidata carapichea ipecacuanha. It resembles the foregoing, but is smaller, and usually tapering at the extremities. In high doses it can cause vomiting and even cardiac failure. The isolates comprised 28 taxa of colletotrichum, ceratobasidium, fusarium. The conferring of the latter names involves certain historical points of interest which we will now consider. The genus cephaelisfamily rubiaceae is comprised of about 100 species and is native to the tropics of. Andersson is an accepted name this name is the accepted. Ipecacuanha a stunning original copper plate antique print published as the art directs by w woodville jan 1790 plate 203 taken from medical botany containing systematic and general descriptions with plates of all the medicinal plants, indigenous and exotic, comprehended in the catalogues of the materia medica as published by the royal colleges of physicians of london and. In most plant species, phytohormones are added to culture. Ipecacuanha is a slowgrowing plant, which reduces its commercial appeal as a crop plant. It is native to costa rica, nicaragua, panama, colombia, and brazil. The root used in medicine under this name is obtained from psychotria or uragoga ipecacuanha, a small shrubby plant of the natural order rubiaceae. Adventitious root cultures of cephaelis ipecacuanha were established from leaf segments of shoot culture in vitro.
Qualitative and quantitative composition morphine hydrochloride ipecacuanha tincture liquorice liquid extract 3 0. Carapichea is a genus of flowering plants in the family rubiaceae. In the brazilian atlantic and amazonian ranges, the species was associated mostly with the understory of seasonal semideciduous forests, whereas in the central americancolombian range, the species occurred in the understory of moist evergreen forests. Emetic alkaloid formation in root culture of cephaelis ipecacuanha. Clonal diversity and conservation genetics of the medicinal plant carapichea ipecacuanha rubiaceae. Carapichea ipecacuanha is a species of flowering plant in the family rubiaceae. A new species of carapichea was discovered in the atlantic forest of bahia, brazil. Ipecacuanha psychotria ipecacuanha callicocca ipecacuanha. Apr 01, 2010 the medicinal shrub carapichea ipecacuanha ipecac is an amphitropic species with three disjunct areas of distribution. This creates an opportunity to analyze the dynamics of endogenous phytohormones during adventitious shoot formation. The medicinal shrub carapichea ipecacuanha ipecac is an amphitropic species with three disjunct areas of distribution. Much of the root crop continues to be harvested from the wild, particularly in south america. Amazonian range shown at left and atlantic range shown at right.
In most plant species, phytohormones are added to culture medium. Andersson, however, shoots form on internodal segments without phytohormone treatment. Important while above selflimiting or acute complaints are suitable for home treatment, also contact your healthcare provider during emergency situations or if symptoms worsen or fail. Syrup of ipecac is derived from the dried root of cephaelis ipecacuanha, which is indigenous to south america. Pdf full textfull text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus carapichea family rubiaceae. Carapichea ipecacuanha, cephaelis ipecacuanha, ipecac.
If you have questions about a plant please use the forum on this website as we do not have the resources to answer questions ourselves. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. The roots are harvested, usually when about 3 years old and the plants are in flower, and are dried for later use. Ipecacuanha is available in a multidose tube, with approx. Molecular cloning of an omethyltransferase from adventitious. Ipecac, 1 rio ipecac, 2 cartagena ipecac principal constituents. The plant has been discussed under a variety of synonyms over the years by various botanists. The root is almost insipid and inodorous and is used in brazil as an emetic, though it has been considered. This is thought by planchon to come from a species of richardsonia. In the brazilian atlantic and amazonian ranges, the species was. Its common name, ipecacuanha portuguese pronunciation.
Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with carapichea. Rhizomehorizontal underground plant stem capable of producing the shoot and root systems of a new plant. It is a native of brazil, growing in clumps or patches in moist shady forests from 8 to 22 s. The alkaloids emetine c 30 h 44 n 2 o 4, cephaeline c 28 h33n 2 o 4, cephaelic. Dose, to 20 drops for specific purposes the fractional dose is employed.
Computer science, the study of computers, including their design ipecacuannha and their uses for computations. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf. Lesser striated ipecacuanha from another species of richardsonia is dark purplish brown in colour, longitudinally wrinkled, not annulated, and has porous wood. The ipecacuanha from that country is called annulated, to distinguish it from the striated. Dec 05, 2017 carapichea ipecacuanha is a species of flowering plant in the rubiaceae family. The neotropical species that have been included in psychotria l. Ipecacuanha definition and meaning collins english. The powdered root of this plant, used as an emetic. Kurt stuber creative commons attributionshare alike descriptions and articles about the ipecac, scientifically known as carapichea ipecacuanha in the encyclopedia of life. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Carapichea was originally separated from psychotria based on inflorescence features, but was subsequently included by most authors in psychotria or in the related genus cephaelis sw.
For more multimedia, look at carapichea on wikimedia commons. Vernacular names edit specified wikidata carapichea ipecacuanha. The special form of nausea is a constant but unavailing desire to vomit, or immediately after vomiting there is, instead of relief, a. We focused on the taxonomy and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the threatened medicinal plant carapichea ipecacuanha, present in a native fragment of the atlantic rain forest in brazil. If you prefer to suggest your carapicuea revision of the article, you can go to edit mode requires login. The wellknown emetic effect of ipecacuanha wine gives a rough keynote for the use of ipec. Adventitious shoot formation is required for the propagation of economically important crops and for the regeneration of transgenic plants. Endogenous auxin determines the pattern of adventitious shoot formation.
The roots of the understorey shrub carapichea ipecacuanha ipecac have medicinal properties, and the uprooting of wild. Colliers new encyclopedia 1921ipecacuanha wikisource. Free to use bim project management tool provides stepbystep help to define, manage and validate responsibility for information development and delivery at each stage of the asset life cycle in level 2. In the brazilian atlantic and amazonian ranges, the species was associated mostly with the understory of seasonal semideciduous forests, whereas in the central americancolombian range, the species occurred in the. Endogenous auxin determines the pattern of adventitious shoot.
1204 1071 613 331 1315 1429 345 995 444 1668 553 567 878 1615 1113 953 1078 459 276 1544 1322 1092 1043 61 509 286 1649 285 106 654 1648 310 215 328 156 682 1261 607 590 562 1391 853 975 1228 656 587 1100 382